You must copy the latest ST_GEOMETRY and dependent libraries to the PostgreSQL software location

Problem:
Create Enterprise Geodatabase Error

https://geonet.esri.com/thread/56840

SOLUTION:
Place the ST_Geometry libraries in the PostgreSQL lib directory

Geodatabase creation in PostgreSQL relies on the presence of the ST_Geometry library. You must place the appropriate library in the lib directory where PostgreSQL is installed before you can create a geodatabase. ST_Geometry libraries can be found in the DatabaseSupport folder of your ArcGIS client installation.

Since this tutorial assumes your PostgreSQL installation is on a Windows server, you will use the ST_Geometry library found in the Windows64 folder.
Steps:

In Windows Explorer, navigate to the location of the Windows ST_Geometry library in your ArcGIS client installation directory.

The default location for ArcGIS for Desktop on 64-bit Windows operating systems is C:\Program Files (x86)\ArcGIS\Desktop\DatabaseSupport\PostgreSQL\Windows64; on 32-bit Windows operating systems, it is C:\Program Files\ArcGIS\Desktop\DatabaseSupport\PostgreSQL\Windows64.
Copy st_geometry.dll from this location.
Navigate to the PostgreSQL lib directory on the database server and paste the library to that location.

On Windows, the default location is C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.0\lib.